Ordnungszahl: |
37 |
Name: |
Rubidium |
Namensursprung: |
Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames. |
Entdeckung: |
1861 by R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff in Germany |
Beschreibung: |
Soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Occurs abundantly, but so widespread that production is limited. Usually obtained from lithium production. |
Verwendung: |
Used as a catalyst, photocells, and vacuum and cathode-ray tubes. |
Gruppe: |
Alkali Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
85.4678 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
38.89°C |
Siedepunkt: |
686°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
1.53 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,8,1 |
Orbitale: |
[Kr] 5s1 |
Valenzen: |
1,2,3,4 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
4.1771 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
27.28 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
40.0 V |
Atomradius: |
2.98 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.363 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
72.216 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
2.192 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
91 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
13375.9 |
14961.8 |
1694.18 |
1752.22 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
0.92693 |
0.82868 |
7.31831 |
7.0759 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
15200 |
2066 |
1864 |
1805 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
110 |
Å |
0.81569 |
6.00123 |
6.65158 |
6.869 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
112.714 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
66.9% |
0% |
2.1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Rb81 |
0% |
81 |
3/2 |
4.57h |
EC,β+ |
Rb82 |
0% |
82 |
1 |
1.258m |
β+,EC |
Rb83 |
0% |
83 |
5/2 |
86.2d |
EC,EC |
Rb84 |
0% |
83.914 |
2 |
32.9d |
EC,β+,β- |
Rb85 |
72.15% |
84.9118 |
5/2 |
|
Stable |
Rb85m |
0% |
85 |
0 |
>1E-6s |
IT |
Rb86 |
0% |
85.911 |
2 |
18.65d |
β-,EC |
Rb87 |
27.85% |
86.9092 |
3/2 |
4.8E10y |
β- |
Rb88 |
0% |
88 |
2 |
17.7m |
β- |
Rb89 |
0% |
89 |
3/2 |
15.44m |
β- |
Rb90 |
0% |
90 |
1 |
2.6m |
β- |
Rb90m |
0% |
90 |
4 |
4.3m |
β-,IT | |