Ordnungszahl: |
40 |
Name: |
Zirconium |
Namensursprung: |
From the mineral, zircon. |
Entdeckung: |
1789 by Martin Klaproth in Germany |
Beschreibung: |
Gray-white, lustrous, corrosion-resistant metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite. |
Verwendung: |
Used in alloys like zircaloy which is used in nuclear
applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. Also
baddeleyite is used in lab crucibles. Used in highperformance pumps a.
valves. Clear zircon (ZrSiO4) is a popular gemstone. |
Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
91.224 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1852°C +/-2°C |
Siedepunkt: |
4377°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
6.4 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,10,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Kr] 4d2 5s2 |
Valenzen: |
2,3,4 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
6.6339 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
13.13 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
22.99 V |
Atomradius: |
2.16 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.27 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
58.20 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
16.90 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
5.7 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
15747.4 |
17668.5 |
2042.43 |
2124.49 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
0.78733 |
0.70173 |
6.07048 |
5.83601 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
17998 |
2532 |
2307 |
2223 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
180 |
Å |
0.68888 |
4.89674 |
5.37431 |
5.57739 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
68.8808 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
73% |
0% |
3.1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Zr86 |
0% |
86 |
0 |
16.5h |
β- |
Zr88 |
0% |
88 |
0 |
83.4d |
β- |
Zr89 |
0% |
89 |
9/2 |
3.27d |
EC,β+ |
Zr90 |
51.46% |
89.9043 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Zr91 |
11.23% |
90.9053 |
5/2 |
|
Stable |
Zr92 |
17.11% |
91.9046 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Zr93 |
0% |
92.9057 |
5/2 |
1.53E06y |
β- |
Zr94 |
17.38% |
93.9063 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Zr95 |
0% |
94.9077 |
5/2 |
64.02d |
β-,β- |
Zr96 |
2.8% |
95.9083 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Zr97 |
0% |
97 |
1/2 |
16.9h |
β-,β- | |