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Tantal (Ta)

Ordnungszahl: 73
Name: Tantalum
Namensursprung: From king Tantalus of Greek mythology, father of Niobe.
Entdeckung: 1802 by Anders Ekeberg in Sweden
Beschreibung: Rare, gray, heavy, hard but ductile, metal with a high melting point.
Vorkommen: Chiefly occurs in the mineral tantalite. Always found with niobium.
Verwendung: Often used as an economical substitute for platinum. Tantalum pentoxide is used in capacitors and in camera lenses to increase refracting power. It and its alloys are corrosion and wear resistant so it is used to make surgical and dental tools.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 180.9479
Schmelzpunkt: 2996°C
Siedepunkt: 5425°C +/-100°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 16.6 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,18,32,11,2
Orbitale: [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
Valenzen: 3,5
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 7.89 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: --
3. Ionisierungs- potential: --
Atomradius: 2.09 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.14 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 743.0 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 31.60 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 6.3 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 0 0 8146.38 9343.43 1709.67 1765.42      
Å 0 0 1.52197 1.32698 7.25201 7.023      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 67412 11681 11135 9881 2708 2469 2194 1794 1735
Å 0.18392 1.06143 1.11347 1.25479 4.57849 5.02168 5.65111 6.91111 7.14613
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  95.6% 0% 29.4% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Ta179 0% 179 7/2 1.8y EC
Ta180 0.012% 179.948 9 >1.2E15y EC,β+
Ta181 99.988% 180.948 7/2   Stable
Ta182 0% 182 3 114.43d β-


book | by Dr. Radut