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Chrom (Cr)

Ordnungszahl: 24
Name: Chromium
Namensursprung: Greek: chrôma (color).
Entdeckung: 1797 by Louis Vauquelin in France
Beschreibung: Very hard, crystalline, steel-gray metal. The pure metal has a blue-white color. It is hard, brittle and corrsion-resistant at normal temperatures.
Vorkommen: Chromite [Fe,Mg(CrO4)] is its most important mineral. Produced commercially by heating its ore in the presence of silicon or aluminium.
Verwendung: Used to make stainless steel. It gives the color to rubies and emeralds. Iron-nickel-chromium alloys in various percentages yield an incredible variety of the most important metals in modern technology.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 51.9961
Schmelzpunkt: 1857°C
Siedepunkt: 2672°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 7.19 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,13,1
Orbitale: [Ar] 3d5 4s1
Valenzen: 2,3,6
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 6.7666 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 16.50 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 30.96 V
Atomradius: 1.85 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.45 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 344.30 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 16.90 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 4.9 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 5411.85 5946.91 572.945 582.912 0 0      
Å 2.291 2.08487 21.64 21.27 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 5990 741 691 598 0 0 0 0 0
Å 2.06987 16.7322 17.9429 20.7333 0 0 0 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  28.1% 0% 0.2% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Cr49 0% 49 5/2 42.3m β+
Cr50 4.31% 49.946 0   Stable
Cr51 0% 50.945 7/2 27.70d EC
Cr52 83.76% 51.9405 0   Stable
Cr53 9.55% 52.9407 3/2   Stable
Cr54 2.38% 53.9389 0   Stable


book | by Dr. Radut