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Nickel (Ni)

Ordnungszahl: 28
Name: Nickel
Namensursprung: German: kupfernickel (false copper).
Entdeckung: 1751 by Axel Cronstedt in Sweden
Beschreibung: Hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Found in the earth's crust in portions averaging 70 ppm. It can be polished to a lustrous finish. Virtually no corrosion under normal conditions.
Vorkommen: Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which replaces the sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then treated with an acid that reacts with the iron not the nickel.
Verwendung: Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries; as a catalyst and for coins.
Gruppe: Transition Metal
Atomgewicht: 58.6934
Schmelzpunkt: 1453°C
Siedepunkt: 2913°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 8.90 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,16,2
Orbitale: [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Valenzen: 0,1,2,3
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 7.6398 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 18.168 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 35.17 V
Atomradius: 1.62 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.44 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 370.40 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 17.470 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 13.4 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 7472.65 8264.98 851.49 868.793 0 0      
Å 1.65919 1.50013 14.561 14.271 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 8333 1009 870.6 853.6 0 0 65.81 0 0
Å 1.48788 12.2879 14.2414 14.525 0 0 188.399 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  41.4% 0% 0.5% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Ni56 0% 56 0 6.10d EC
Ni57 0% 57 3/2 35.6h EC,β+
Ni58 67.88% 57.9353 0   Stable
Ni59 0% 58.934 3/2 7.6E04y EC
Ni60 26.23% 59.9308 0   Stable
Ni61 1.19% 60.9311 3/2   Stable
Ni62 3.66% 61.9283 0   Stable
Ni63 0% 62.93 1/2 100y β-
Ni64 1.08% 63.928 0   Stable
Ni65 0% 65 5/2 2.517h β-


book | by Dr. Radut