Ordnungszahl: |
28 |
Name: |
Nickel |
Namensursprung: |
German: kupfernickel (false copper). |
Entdeckung: |
1751 by Axel Cronstedt in Sweden |
Beschreibung: |
Hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Found in the
earth's crust in portions averaging 70 ppm. It can be polished to a
lustrous finish. Virtually no corrosion under normal conditions. |
Vorkommen: |
Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8]
ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which
replaces the sulfur with oxygen. The oxides are then treated with an
acid that reacts with the iron not the nickel. |
Verwendung: |
Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its
resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries; as a
catalyst and for coins. |
Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
58.6934 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1453°C |
Siedepunkt: |
2913°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.90 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,16,2 |
Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 |
Valenzen: |
0,1,2,3 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.6398 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
18.168 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
35.17 V |
Atomradius: |
1.62 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.44 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
370.40 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
17.470 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
13.4 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
7472.65 |
8264.98 |
851.49 |
868.793 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
1.65919 |
1.50013 |
14.561 |
14.271 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
8333 |
1009 |
870.6 |
853.6 |
0 |
0 |
65.81 |
0 |
0 |
Å |
1.48788 |
12.2879 |
14.2414 |
14.525 |
0 |
0 |
188.399 |
0 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
41.4% |
0% |
0.5% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Ni56 |
0% |
56 |
0 |
6.10d |
EC |
Ni57 |
0% |
57 |
3/2 |
35.6h |
EC,β+ |
Ni58 |
67.88% |
57.9353 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ni59 |
0% |
58.934 |
3/2 |
7.6E04y |
EC |
Ni60 |
26.23% |
59.9308 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ni61 |
1.19% |
60.9311 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Ni62 |
3.66% |
61.9283 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ni63 |
0% |
62.93 |
1/2 |
100y |
β- |
Ni64 |
1.08% |
63.928 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ni65 |
0% |
65 |
5/2 |
2.517h |
β- | |