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Cadmium (Cd)

Ordnungszahl: 48
Name: Cadmium
Namensursprung: Greek: kadmeia (ancient name for calamine (zinc oxide)).
Entdeckung: 1817 by Fredrich Stromeyer in Germany
Beschreibung: Soft, malleable, blue-white metal.
Vorkommen: Obtained as a by product of zinc refining.
Verwendung: Used in NiCd batteries. Also in electroplating steel and in the manufacture of bearings. Its compounds are found in paint pigments and a wide variety of intense colors. Boiling cadmium gives off a weird, yellow-colored vapor that is poisonous.
Gruppe: Metal
Atomgewicht: 112.411
Schmelzpunkt: 320.9°C
Siedepunkt: 765°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 8.65 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,18,18,2
Orbitale: [Kr] 4d10 5s2
Valenzen: 2
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 8.9937 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 16.908 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 37.48 V
Atomradius: 1.71 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.23 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 99.570 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 6.192 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 30.8 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 23110.9 26096.7 3133.83 3316.69 0 0      
Å 0.53648 0.4751 3.95635 3.73823 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 26711 4018 3727 3538 0 0 0 440.8 0
Å 0.46417 3.08575 3.32668 3.50439 0 0 0 28.1274 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  84% 0% 6.9% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Cd106 1.22% 105.906 0   Stable
Cd108 0.88% 107.904 0   Stable
Cd109 0% 109 5/2 462d EC
Cd110 12.39% 109.903 0   Stable
Cd111 12.75% 110.904 1/2   Stable
Cd111m 0% 111 11/2 48.5m IT
Cd112 24.07% 111.903 0   Stable
Cd113 12.26% 112.904 1/2 9E15y β-
Cd113m 0% 113 11/2 14.1y β-,IT
Cd114 28.86% 113.903 0   Stable
Cd115 0% 115 1/2 2.228d β-
Cd115m 0% 115 11/2 44.6d β-
Cd116 7.58% 115.905 0   Stable
Cd117 0% 117 1/2 2.49h β-,β-
Cd117m 0% 117 11/2 3.4h β-,β-


book | by Dr. Radut