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Silicium (Si)

Ordnungszahl: 14
Name: Silicon
Namensursprung: Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
Entdeckung: 1824 by Jöns Berzelius in Sweden
Beschreibung: Amorphous form is brown power; crystalline form has gray metallic appearance. Seventh most abundant element in the universe. Second most plentiful element in the earths crust.
Vorkommen: Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand. Commercial production depends on a reaction between sand (SiO2) and carbon at a temperature of around 2200°C.
Verwendung: Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the hardest substances known and used in polishing. Also the crystalline form is used in semiconductors.
Gruppe: Non-Metal
Atomgewicht: 28.0855
Schmelzpunkt: 1410°C
Siedepunkt: 3265°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 2.33 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,8,4
Orbitale: [Ne] 3s2 3p2
Valenzen: 4
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 8.1517 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 16.345 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 33.492 V
Atomradius: 1.46 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 0.71 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 384.220 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 50.550 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 2.6 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 1739.84 1829.23 0 0 0 0      
Å 7.12625 6.77801 0 0 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 1839 0 100.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Å 6.742 0 123.246 0 0 0 0 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  4.7% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Si28 92.21% 27.9769 0   Stable
Si29 4.7% 28.9765 1/2   Stable
Si30 3.09% 29.9738 0   Stable
Si31 0% 30.9753 3/2 2.62h β-
Si32 0% 31.974 0 1.0E02y β-


book | by Dr. Radut