Ordnungszahl: |
32 |
Name: |
Germanium |
Namensursprung: |
Latin: Germania (Germany). |
Entdeckung: |
1886 by Clemens Winkler in Germany |
Beschreibung: |
Grayish-white metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead. |
Verwendung: |
Widely used in semiconductors. It is a good
semiconductor when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, arsenic,
gallium, and antimony. |
Gruppe: |
Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
72.61 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
937.4°C |
Siedepunkt: |
2830°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
5.323 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,4 |
Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 |
Valenzen: |
2,4 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.900 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
15.934 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
34.22 V |
Atomradius: |
1.52 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.32 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
330.90 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
36.940 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
5.7 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
9876.4 |
10982.5 |
1188.04 |
1218.53 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
1.25537 |
1.12894 |
10.4361 |
10.175 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
11103 |
1415 |
1248 |
1217 |
0 |
123 |
0 |
30.1 |
0 |
Å |
1.11668 |
8.76222 |
9.93473 |
10.1878 |
0 |
100.801 |
0 |
411.912 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
54% |
0% |
1% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Ge68 |
0% |
68 |
0 |
270.8d |
EC |
Ge69 |
0% |
69 |
5/2 |
1.63d |
EC,β+ |
Ge70 |
20.51% |
69.9242 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ge71 |
0% |
70.925 |
1/2 |
11.4d |
EC |
Ge72 |
27.43% |
71.9221 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ge73 |
7.76% |
72.9235 |
9/2 |
|
Stable |
Ge74 |
36.54% |
73.9212 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ge76 |
7.76% |
75.9214 |
0 |
|
Stable |
Ge77 |
0% |
77 |
7/2 |
11.3h |
β- | |