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Beryllium (Be)

Ordnungszahl: 4
Name: Beryllium
Namensursprung: Greek: beryllos, 'beryl' (a mineral).
Entdeckung: 1798 by Fredrich Wöhler, A.A.Bussy in Germany/France
Beschreibung: Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal. Lightest rigid metal. Formerly called glucinium (Gl) for its sweet but deadly taste.
Vorkommen: Found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by chemically reducing beryl mineral. Also by electrolysis of beryllium chloride.
Verwendung: Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are beryl crystals with chromium traces giving them their green color.
Gruppe: Alkali Earth Metal
Atomgewicht: 9.012182
Schmelzpunkt: 1287°C
Siedepunkt: 2472°C
Dichte bei 293 K: 1.848 g/cm³
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: Solid
Schalen: 2,2
Orbitale: [He] 2s2
Valenzen: 2
1. Ionisierungs- potential: 9.3226 V
2. Ionisierungs- potential: 18.211 V
3. Ionisierungs- potential: 153.893 V
Atomradius: 1.40 Å
Spezifische Wärme: 1.82 J/gK
Verdampfungswärme: 292.40 kJ/mol
Schmelzwärme: 12.20 kJ/mol
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: 11.3 10-6 K-1
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
eV 108.759 0 0 0 0 0      
Å 114 0 0 0 0 0      
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge:
  K L-I L-II L-III M-I M-II M-III M-IV M-V
eV 111 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Å 111.699 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute:
  KA KB LA LB MA MB      
  0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%      
Nuklide:
  Anteil Gewicht Spin Halbwertszeit Zerfallsmodus
Be7 0% 7.0169 3/2 53.28d EC
Be9 100% 9.0122 3/2   Stable
Be10 0% 10.0135 0 2.6E06y β-


book | by Dr. Radut