Ordnungszahl: |
29 |
Name: |
Copper |
Namensursprung: |
Symbol from Latin: cuprum (island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines). |
Entdeckung: |
Known to the ancients. |
Beschreibung: |
Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal. |
Vorkommen: |
Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalcosine (Cu2S) or oxides like cuprite (Cu2O). |
Verwendung: |
Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used
in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in jewelry and
for coins. |
Gruppe: |
Transition Metal |
Atomgewicht: |
63.546 |
Schmelzpunkt: |
1083°C |
Siedepunkt: |
2567°C |
Dichte bei 293 K: |
8.96 g/cm³ |
Aggregatszustand bei Raumtemperatur: |
Solid |
Schalen: |
2,8,18,1 |
Orbitale: |
[Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
Valenzen: |
1,2 |
1. Ionisierungs- potential: |
7.7264 V |
2. Ionisierungs- potential: |
20.292 V |
3. Ionisierungs- potential: |
36.83 V |
Atomradius: |
1.57 Å |
Spezifische Wärme: |
0.38 J/gK |
Verdampfungswärme: |
300.30 kJ/mol |
Schmelzwärme: |
13.050 kJ/mol |
Thermischer Ausdehnungskoeffizient: |
16.5 10-6 K-1 |
Röntgenemission Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
eV |
8041.39 |
8905.59 |
929.705 |
949.861 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
Å |
1.54184 |
1.39222 |
13.336 |
13.053 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
Röntgenabsorption Energie / Wellenlänge: |
|
K |
L-I |
L-II |
L-III |
M-I |
M-II |
M-III |
M-IV |
M-V |
eV |
8979 |
1097 |
952.68 |
933.06 |
112.1 |
77.7 |
74.7 |
0 |
0 |
Å |
1.38084 |
11.3022 |
13.0144 |
13.288 |
110.602 |
159.569 |
165.978 |
0 |
0 |
|
Röntgen Fluoreszenz Ausbeute: |
|
KA |
KB |
LA |
LB |
MA |
MB |
|
|
|
|
44.6% |
0% |
0.6% |
0% |
0% |
0% |
|
|
|
|
Nuklide: |
|
Anteil |
Gewicht |
Spin |
Halbwertszeit |
Zerfallsmodus |
Cu61 |
0% |
61 |
3/2 |
3.35h |
β+,EC |
Cu62 |
0% |
62 |
1 |
9.74m |
β+,EC |
Cu63 |
69.09% |
62.9296 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Cu64 |
0% |
63.93 |
1 |
12.701h |
EC,β-,β+ |
Cu65 |
30.91% |
64.9278 |
3/2 |
|
Stable |
Cu67 |
0% |
67 |
3/2 |
2.580d |
β- | |